Thyroid hormone effects
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Milk thistle alters thyroid hormone transport

Milk thistle (also known as silybum marianum) is plant in the Asteraceae family. Milk thistle is widely promoted as a liver supplement. It is sometimes sold as “Silymarin” or “Chardon-Marie” (derived from carduus marianus). On the internet, many websites and blogs are proclaiming that milk thistle can support thyroid hormone health simply by means of…
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Prevalence rates for 10 chronic disorders at various FT4, TSH and FT3 levels

Which FT3, FT4 and TSH levels have the highest and lowest prevalence rates for 10 common health disorders? Hypertension Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) Depression Diabetes Coronary artery disease Heart failure Atrial fibrillation Peripheral vascular disease Renal failure (kidney failure) Dementia Is high-normal TSH and low FT3 associated with one condition, while high-normal FT4 and low or…
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Four definitions of thyroid status

We have a definition problem in thyroid science and thyroid therapy. A lot of confusion stems from the many definitions the words “euthyroidism,” “hypothyroidism” and “hyperthyroidism.” These are terms that can be defined in many ways by doctors, patients, and even by thyroid researchers. Is a person “hypothyroid” when their FT3 falls below their individual…
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Japanese thyroid scientists examine symptoms in relation to FT3 and TSH

I would like to applaud a 2019 article by Mitsuru Ito and colleagues from the Center for Excellence in Thyroid Care at Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan. Dear researchers, your article, “Thyroid function related symptoms during monotherapy in athyreotic patients” showcased research on Free T3 levels and symptoms that is potentially meaningful to the life and…

