Biochemical pathway maps are an important aspect of medical education and medical problem-solving. They help us to view a network or series of chemical reactions in cells. In this article, I present a comprehensive science-based pathway map showing all the… Read More ›
Thyroid hormone metabolism is a very complicated system. A visual analogy sometimes goes a long way to assist comprehension. Throughout the body, there are at least six major pathways for T4 transformation or excretion, and at least six major pathways… Read More ›
In this educational post, I introduce our thyroid hormone conversion enzyme “deiodinase type 1” (D1) in the personality of “The philanthropist” as I draw on many scientific articles. Of course, D1 is a genderless enzyme. I am personifying “her” in… Read More ›
The recent post “Thyroid hormone journey: Metabolism” is an educational compendium of diagrams, tables and bullet lists that highlight key lessons from the past five decades of thyroid science. It’s like a booklet in a blog post. The article concluded… Read More ›
As one follows the thyroid hormone journey through the human body, at a crucial stage inside many of our cells, a beautiful and complex cascade transforms our thyroid hormones. Three deiodinase enzymes, types 1, 2 and 3 (D1, D2, D3),… Read More ›
This summary blog post will take you through a visual journey as you follow thyroid hormones through bloodstream, transporters, cells, and receptors. This infographic is not like most others you’ll see that portray a gland-centric view of the HPT axis…. Read More ›
No, this is not just an article for thyroid science buffs. Anyone who claims to understand thyroid hormone metabolism should become comfortable using the word “deiodinase.” It’s just as important a word for thyroid disease as “insulin” is for diabetes…. Read More ›
This post follows up on several recent posts on the topic of Reverse T3 (RT3) and our thyroid hormone conversion enzymes, the three deiodinases. Here I’m providing some practical tips about Reverse T3 testing, test interpretation, and where we should… Read More ›