Thyroid science history
-
A complete pathway map of T4 and T3 metabolism and clearance
Biochemical pathway maps are an important aspect of medical education and medical problem-solving. They help us to view a network or series of chemical reactions in cells. In this article, I present a comprehensive science-based pathway map showing all the major pathways of both T4 and T3 hormone metabolism, also including their urinary clearance. I…
-
Finkler, 1959: Liothyronine as a replacement for thyroid therapy
One of Thyroid Patients Canada’s values is to bring to light little-known aspects of the history of thyroid therapy so that it can open minds about future possibilities. The history of L-T3 (Liothyronine) monotherapy brings to light the flexibility and diversity of our thyroid pharmaceuticals to adapt to the unique metabolic needs of the individual.…
-
Ingbar and Braverman’s historic study of LT4 monotherapy
As part of my post on “The thyroid gland is a T3 shield,” I reviewed a research article by Ingbar and team from 1982. Wow. What a treasure. The title of this article is “Elevated serum thyroxine concentration in patients receiving ‘replacement’ doses of levothyroxine.” Just look at that title. They began their title with…
-
Mimicry: The idol of T3-T4 combo therapy 2004-2014
They say that history is written by the victors. Not always. Sometimes histories are written by advocates for the oppressed and disenfranchised. A common theme on our website is the need to see current practices and thyroid therapy challenges in light of thyroid therapy history. Instead of trusting histories written by scientists, one ought to…
-
The foundations of synthetic T3-T4 therapy in the 1990s
A trend in thyroid therapy, sparked by a 1995 rat study, attempted to mimic a narrowly estimated T3:T4 ratio secreted by human thyroid glands. This trend was based on a theory of pharmaceutical mimicry of “the” thyroid gland. Its proponents chose to represent every human being’s thyroid gland by the narrow statistical average secretion ratio…